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Euploca procumbens

(Mill.) Diane & Hilger (2003)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Boraginales Family: Heliotropiaceae Genus: Euploca

fourspike heliotrope

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Pale green to gray, erect to decumbent perennial herbs 1–5 dm tall, moderately to densely appressed pubescent.

Stems: Stems 1 to several from base, usually branched above.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Usually alternate. Blades linear–lanceolate, narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic, flat, sometimes revolute, 1–4 cm long, 0.2–1 cm wide. Apex acute or short-acuminate. Base attenuate. Surfaces strigose. Margins usually entire. Petiolate or sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in clusters of 1–4 elongate, open, bracteate, scorpioid cymes 2.5–10 cm long. Peduncles 0.5–3 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), actinomorphic or occasionally slightly irregular. Calyx deeply divided, the lobes unequal, linear to lanceolate, at anthesis 1–1.2 mm long, at maturity nearly doubling in size and becoming progressively more unequal; sepals distinct or connate at base, sometimes to above the middle. Corolla white, 1.5–3 mm long, the tube sparsely strigose externally; (4)5(6)-lobed, the tube often with scales at the summit opposite the lobes, formed by invagination of the corolla tube, the lobes imbricate or convolute, rarely valvate. Stamens as many as corolla lobes, inserted on the corolla tube, not exserted. Ovary superior, 4-celled, entire, rounded, or 2–4-lobed; ovules usually 4, 2 per carpel, eventually 1 per cell, sometimes fewer by abortion, anatropous, erect, ascending, or nearly horizontal, rarely pendulous; style simple, terminal, seated in the pericarp; stigma with a fertile discoid base and a sterile, apical, often forked appendage.

Fruit: Fruit dry; lobed or unlobed; breaking up into nutlets; nutlets 4; 1–seeded; ovoid; 1–2 mm long; densely strigose. Seeds 1–4; endosperm absent or; if present; fleshy and scanty.

Ploidy: 2n = 14

Habitat: Naturalized in low elevation; dry; often coastal sites.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kuaihelani (Midway Atoll) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lalo (French Frigate Shoals) Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Potentially naturalizing

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: 48 (2003)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:396 (Mi, FF, O, M [as Heliotropium procumbens var. depressum]); Herbst & Wagner 1999:15 (K); Hilger & Diane 2003:48/Faccenda & Daehler 2024:34 (Mo, Syn. Heliotropium procumbens var. depressum = Euploca procumbens)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euploca procumbens Waimea District: Polihale State Park, dunes in front of reef zone near Queens Pond.. Coastal dry shrubland mixed community, sand dunes and lithified sand outcrops w/Scaevola taccada, Dodonaea viscosa, Sida fallax, Sporobolus virginicus, Ipomoea imperati, Nama sandwicensis, Vitex rotundifolia, Waltheria indica, Boerhavia repens, Euphorbia celastroides var. stok Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18660 Kauai BISH 2021-03-02
2 Euploca procumbens lot across from Hawaii Meat Co., Campbell Industrial Park, Ewa, Oahu Recently introduced. Found in disturbed areas along roadside of study site. Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 79.015 Oahu BISH 1979-02-11
3 Euploca procumbens Makawao District Disturbed grasslands near Kahului Airport, toward Kanaha Beach Park. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5782 Maui BISH 1988-03-03
4 Euploca procumbens West Lock, U.S. Navy Ammunition Storage Area, just S. of West Lock, Pearl Harbor, Ewa District Sheltered spot, shallow soil on flat slightly elevated coral limestone. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 65071 Oahu BISH 1985-10-26
5 Euploca procumbens Barbers Point, Campbell Industrial Park Along road at entrance to site Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5466 Oahu BISH 1975-09-16
6 Euploca procumbens Honolulu District, Kalihi Kai, near Keehi Lagoon Growing on open, distrubed ground by oil storage tanks behind small-boat harbor. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5643 Oahu BISH 1976-02-09
7 Euploca procumbens Metcalf St. near UH Manoa Roadside, mowed area, sunny, dry Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 2175 Oahu BISH 2021-12-09
8 Euploca procumbens Lihue District. Nawiliwili Small Boat Harbor. Secondary vegetation on coral road bed. W/ Digitaria, Indigofera, Verbesina, Conyza, Euphorbia, Melilotus. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 8887 Kauai BISH 2018-04-26
9 Euploca procumbens Barbers Point, Campbell Industrial Park Along road at entrance to site Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5466 Oahu BISH 1975-09-16
10 Euploca procumbens Koloa, Port Allen, Hanapepe, parking lot above docks Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 8436 Kauai BISH 2000-05-11
11 Euploca procumbens Waianae Mts. near Kolekole Pass Preserved_Specimen Matayoshi, N. Oahu BISH 1986-07-01
12 Euploca procumbens Queen's Beach, sea level Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5311 Oahu BISH 1984-03-01
13 Euploca procumbens Mokuauia Islet, Oahu in center of island Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 5022210 Oahu BISH 2007-02-22
14 Euploca procumbens Makawao District, disturbed grasslands near Kahului Airport, toward Kanaha Beach Park Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5782 Maui BISH 1988-03-03
15 Euploca procumbens Roadside at Albert H. Azevedo Field, jct. of Hihimanu St. and Kalanianaole Hwy. In Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4820 Oahu BISH 1983-06-04
16 Euploca procumbens Tern Islet Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6229 French Frigate Shoals BISH 1978-09-11
17 Euploca procumbens Waikiki, corner of Ala Wai Blvd. And Kanekapolei St., next to Aloha Surf Hotel Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5362 Oahu BISH 1984-05-06
18 Euploca procumbens Honolulu, Lunalilo and Ke'eaumoku St weedy roadside in area which had not recenty been mowed or sprayed; sunny common in sunny weedy areas Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 1695 Oahu BISH 2020-12-01
19 Euploca procumbens On ridgetop of Mariner's Ridge subdivision between Kamilonui Valley and Kamiloiki Valley, Hawaii Kai subdivision complex, Maunalua, Honolulu. Koolau Mts not uncommon on poor, rocky soil of terraced house lots. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1286 Oahu BISH 1976-03-09
20 Euploca procumbens Oahu Growing in a grass laun that is mowed occasionally; growing in full sun. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1364 Oahu BISH 1985-08-27
21 Euploca procumbens Maui On packed alluvium nea the sea by the mouth of Iao River, West Maui. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1042 Maui BISH 1981-03-29
22 Euploca procumbens Mana, Lower Saki Mana Road, along irragation ditch Growing in sandy soil, with Waltheria indica, Pluchea, Ricinus communis, and weedy grasses. Preserved_Specimen Tangalin, N. 1392 Kauai BISH 2007-06-06
23 Euploca procumbens Honolulu District, Koko Head Northwest slope of Kuamookane ridge near top. Indigenous. Only one small patch found. Preserved_Specimen Bruegmann, M.M. 156 Oahu BISH 1984-02-18
24 Euploca procumbens Kawaihau Distr., Kapaa town, along Hwy. 56 in vacant lot near Otsuka's Furniture Secondary vegetation of Pluchea, Leucaena, and Wedelia; sandy soil. Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7638 Kauai BISH 1995-02-21
25 Euploca procumbens Kawaihae, South Kohala growing in an open, sunny location along a fence, in a concrete harbor; associated vegetation-Euphorbia hirta Preserved_Specimen Murphy, M. 242 Hawaii BISH 2023-04-05
26 Euploca procumbens mouth of Halawa Valley along highway Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 5850 Oahu BISH 1976-06-05
27 Euploca procumbens Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Northern Trap & Skeet Range On road with Cenchrus ciliaris and Leucaena leucocephala. Preserved_Specimen BISH staff 34 Oahu BISH 2021-04-30
28 Euploca procumbens Mokapu Peninsula, north side near base of Ulupau Crater Occasional in disturbed ground Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 58834 Oahu BISH 1978-12-10
29 Euploca procumbens Rt 450, c.a. 3 km W of 'Ualapu'e Roadside weed in dry, sunny area Preserved_Specimen Faccenda, K. 2958 Molokai BISH 2022-12-29
30 Euploca procumbens Ewa Dist.; Pearl Harbor, U. S. Navy Administration storage area just S of West Lock Sheltered, shallow soil on flat slightly elevated coral limestone. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 65071 Oahu BISH 1985-10-26
31 Euploca procumbens Koolau Poko District; Mokapu Peninsula Marine Corps Base Hawaii, Kaneohe Bay, Pyramid Rock Beach Uncommon on dry slopes behind the beach. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 9738 Oahu BISH 1995-12-05
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